Cochrane Emergency Reviews

The Cochrane PEC has selected Cochrane Reviews devoted to pre-hospital and emergency medicine:

Our Reviews

Full list:

By subtopic:

EAR NOSE AND THROAT - STOMATOLOGY (43)
Intranasal ipratropium bromide for the common cold
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) for the common cold in adults
Antibiotic use for irreversible pulpitis
Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children
Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion in children
Antibiotics for sore throat
Antibiotics for acute rhinosinusitis in adults
Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults
Antivirals for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Antiviral treatment for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)
Corticosteroids as standalone or add-on treatment for sore throat
Corticosteroids for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)
Decongestants, antihistamines and nasal irrigation for acute sinusitis in children
Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis
Nasal decongestants in monotherapy for the common cold
Once or twice daily versus three times daily amoxicillin with or without clavulanate for the treatment of acute otitis media
Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions
Glucocorticoids for croup in children
Heliox for croup in children
Hyperbaric oxygen as an adjuvant treatment for malignant otitis externa
Hyperbaric oxygen for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus
Influenza vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in infants and children
Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: luxated (dislodged) teeth
Intranasal corticosteroids for non-allergic rhinitis
Modifications of the Epley (canalith repositioning) manoeuvre for posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections
Nebulized epinephrine for croup in children
Needle aspiration versus incision and drainage for the treatment of peritonsillar abscess
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute otitis media in children
Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections
Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome
Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment
Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis
Intranasal steroids for acute sinusitis
Steroids for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Systemic corticosteroids for acute otitis media in children
Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults
The Epley (canalith repositioning) manoeuvre for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Antibiotics versus topical antiseptics for chronic suppurative otitis media
Tranexamic acid for patients with nasal haemorrhage (epistaxis)
Efficacy and safety of rapid tests to guide antibiotic prescriptions for sore throat
Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction
Rapid antigen detection test for group A streptococcus in children with pharyngitis
ANESTHESIA AND PAIN CONTROL (35)
ANESTHESIA (11)
Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm
Clonazepam for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults
Alpha-adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal
The use of propofol for procedural sedation in emergency departments
Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction intubation
Alpha-2 agonists for long-term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients
Pressure-controlled versus volume-controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients
Lidocaine for reducing propofol-induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults
Midazolam for sedation before procedures
The use of ultrasound guidance for perioperative neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks in children
PAIN CONTROL (24)
Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults
Clonazepam for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults
Codeine, alone and with paracetamol (acetaminophen), for cancer pain
Corticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia
Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane Reviews
Pharmacological interventions for pain in children and adolescents with life-limiting conditions
Non-antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia
Haloperidol for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in palliative care patients
Intranasal fentanyl for the management of acute pain in children
Topical anaesthetics for pain control during repair of dermal laceration
Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children
Medically assisted hydration for adult palliative care patients
Morphine for chronic neuropathic pain in adults
Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for neuropathic pain
Non-prescription (OTC) oral analgesics for acute pain - an overview of Cochrane reviews
Palliative pharmacological sedation for terminally ill adults
Skin-to-skin care for procedural pain in neonates
Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures
Sweet tasting solutions for reduction of needle-related procedural pain in children aged one to 16 years
Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for acute pain
Interventions for the symptoms and signs resulting from jellyfish stings
Interventions for treating acute high altitude illness
Vapocoolants (cold spray) for pain treatment during intravenous cannulation
BLOOD DISORDERS AND CANCER (35)
CANCER (8)
Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy
Calcitonin for metastatic bone pain
Systemic corticosteroids for the management of cancer-related breathlessness (dyspnoea) in adults
Early palliative care for adults with advanced cancer
Oral versus intravenous antibiotic treatment for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients
Outpatient treatment for people with cancer who develop a low-risk febrile neutropaenic event
Empirical antibiotics targeting gram-positive bacteria for the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer
Early discontinuation of antibiotics for febrile neutropenia versus continuation until neutropenia resolution in people with cancer
SICKLE CELL DISEASE (13)
Antibiotics for treating acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease
Antibiotics for treating osteomyelitis in people with sickle cell disease
Antibiotics for treating community-acquired pneumonia in people with sickle cell disease
Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease
Blood transfusions for treating acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease
Inhaled bronchodilators for acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease
Inhaled nitric oxide for treating pain crises in people with sickle cell disease
Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease
Low-molecular-weight heparins for managing vaso-occlusive crises in people with sickle cell disease
Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease
Piracetam for reducing the incidence of painful sickle cell disease crises
Fluid replacement therapy for acute episodes of pain in people with sickle cell disease
Treatments for priapism in boys and men with sickle cell disease
BLOOD DISORDERS-OTHER (14)
Alternatives, and adjuncts, to prophylactic platelet transfusion for people with haematological malignancies undergoing intensive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation
Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy
Antifibrinolytics (lysine analogues) for the prevention of bleeding in people with haematological disorders
Different doses of prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing bleeding in people with haematological disorders after myelosuppressive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation
Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion
Plasma transfusions prior to lumbar punctures and epidural catheters for people with abnormal coagulation
Prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to surgery for people with a low platelet count
Prophylactic platelet transfusion for prevention of bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation
Comparison of different platelet count thresholds to guide administration of prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing bleeding in people with haematological disorders after myelosuppressive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation
A therapeutic-only versus prophylactic platelet transfusion strategy for preventing bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after myelosuppressive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation
Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of vitamin K antagonist treatment in bleeding and non-bleeding patients
Recombinant factor VIIa concentrate versus plasma-derived concentrates for treating acute bleeding episodes in people with haemophilia and inhibitors
Optimal loading dose of warfarin for the initiation of oral anticoagulation
Interventions for treating acute bleeding episodes in people with acquired hemophilia A
EDUCATION (6)
EDUCATION-OTHER (5)
Interventions to promote informed consent for patients undergoing surgical and other invasive healthcare procedures
Printed educational materials: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes
Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings
The effects of interactive training of healthcare providers on the management of life-threatening emergencies in hospital
Training interventions for improving telephone consultation skills in clinicians
SIMULATION (1)
Educational games for health professionals
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SYSTEM (EMS) MANAGEMENT - PUBLIC HEALTH - LEGAL MEDICINE (16)
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SYSTEM MANAGEMENT (14)
Interventions to increase clinical incident reporting in health care
Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes
Walk-in clinics versus physician offices and emergency rooms for urgent care and chronic disease management
Discharge planning from hospital
Health workers’ perceptions and experiences of using mHealth technologies to deliver primary healthcare services: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Helicopter emergency medical services for adults with major trauma
Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients
Mobile phone messaging for communicating results of medical investigations
Primary care professionals providing non-urgent care in hospital emergency departments
Organisational interventions for preventing and minimising aggression directed towards healthcare workers by patients and patient advocates
Computer-generated reminders delivered on paper to healthcare professionals: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes
Email for communicating results of diagnostic medical investigations to patients
Email for clinical communication between healthcare professionals
Mobile technologies to support healthcare provider to healthcare provider communication and management of care
LEGAL MEDICINE (0)
PUBLIC HEALTH (2)
Hand cleaning with ash for reducing the spread of viral and bacterial infections: a rapid review
Patient-initiated appointment systems for adults with chronic conditions in secondary care
ETHICS - RESEARCH (9)
RESEARCH (9)
Audio-visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials
Bias due to selective inclusion and reporting of outcomes and analyses in systematic reviews of randomised trials of healthcare interventions
Healthcare outcomes assessed with observational study designs compared with those assessed in randomized trials
Comparison of central adjudication of outcomes and onsite outcome assessment on treatment effect estimates
Consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) and the completeness of reporting of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in medical journals
Full publication of results initially presented in abstracts
Industry sponsorship and research outcome
New treatments compared to established treatments in randomized trials
Search strategies to identify diagnostic accuracy studies in MEDLINE and EMBASE
ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC (6)
DIABETES (5)
Alginate dressings for healing diabetic foot ulcers
Systemic antibiotics for treating diabetic foot infections
First aid glucose administration routes for symptomatic hypoglycaemia
Hydrocolloid dressings for healing diabetic foot ulcers
Subcutaneous rapid-acting insulin analogues for diabetic ketoacidosis
ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC-OTHER (1)
Clinical symptoms, signs and tests for identification of impending and current water-loss dehydration in older people
GASTROENTEROLOGY (34)
DIGESTIVE BLEEDING (7)
Antifibrinolytic amino acids for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver disease
Band ligation versus no intervention for primary prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices
Banding ligation versus beta-blockers for primary prevention in oesophageal varices in adults
Somatostatin analogues for acute bleeding oesophageal varices
Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Vitamin K for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver diseases
Comparison of different regimens of proton pump inhibitors for acute peptic ulcer bleeding
HEPATITIS (1)
Glucocorticosteroids for people with alcoholic hepatitis
GASTROENTEROLOGY-OTHER (26)
Antibiotic treatment for -associated diarrhoea in adults
Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta-analysis
Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non-typhoidal infection
Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis
Serum amylase and lipase and urinary trypsinogen and amylase for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis
Serum C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and lactate dehydrogenase for the diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis
Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy
Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in adults with cirrhosis
Early versus delayed appendicectomy for appendiceal phlegmon or abscess
Flumazenil versus placebo or no intervention for people with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy
Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea
Computed tomography for diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adults
Laparoscopy for the management of acute lower abdominal pain in women of childbearing age
Pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis
Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting
Metoclopramide for post-pyloric placement of naso-enteral feeding tubes
Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs for biliary colic
Opioids for acute pancreatitis pain
Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children
Phlebotonics for haemorrhoids
Psychosocial interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood
Short-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-like symptoms and endoscopy negative reflux disease
Lactose avoidance for young children with acute diarrhoea
Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta-analysis
Enteral nutrition formulations for acute pancreatitis
Ultrasound versus liver function tests for diagnosis of common bile duct stones
GERIATRICS (0)
HEART AND CIRCULATION (94)
ARYTHMIA (8)
Adenosine versus intravenous calcium channel antagonists for supraventricular tachycardia
Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
Efficacy and safety of ablation for people with non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation
Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin for preventing stroke and systemic embolic events among atrial fibrillation patients with chronic kidney disease
Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in people with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Systematic screening for the detection of atrial fibrillation
Effectiveness of the Valsalva Manoeuvre for reversion of supraventricular tachycardia
CARDIAC ARREST (11)
Active chest compression-decompression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest
Aminophylline for bradyasystolic cardiac arrest in adults
Community first responders for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in adults and children
Continuous chest compression versus interrupted chest compression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation of non-asphyxial out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Lower versus higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth
Mechanical versus manual chest compressions for cardiac arrest
Pre-hospital versus in-hospital initiation of cooling for survival and neuroprotection after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Hypothermia for neuroprotection in children after cardiopulmonary arrest
Biphasic versus monophasic waveforms for transthoracic defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (17)
Anticoagulation for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer
Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism
Thrombolysis for acute upper extremity deep vein thrombosis
Home versus in-patient treatment for deep vein thrombosis
Interventions for implementation of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients at risk for venous thromboembolism
Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis
Once versus twice daily low molecular weight heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism
Pentasaccharides for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis
Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism
Thrombolysis for acute deep vein thrombosis
Thrombophilia testing for prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism
Treatment for superficial infusion thrombophlebitis of the upper extremity
Treatment of distal deep vein thrombosis
Vitamin K antagonists versus low-molecular-weight heparin for the long term treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism
Warfarin initiation nomograms for venous thromboembolism
HEART FAILURE (8)
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm
B-type natriuretic peptide-guided treatment for heart failure
Digitalis for treatment of heart failure in patients in sinus rhythm
Disease management interventions for heart failure
Natriuretic peptide-guided treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients without heart failure
Nitrates for acute heart failure syndromes
Anticoagulation versus placebo for heart failure in sinus rhythm
HYPERTENSION (8)
Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension
Beta-blockers for hypertension
Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease
First-line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension (protocol stage)
Blood pressure lowering efficacy of partial agonist beta blocker monotherapy for primary hypertension
First-line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first-line antihypertensive drug classes for hypertension
Withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs in older people
First-line drugs for hypertension
MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA/CORONARY DISEASE (14)
Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents for acute coronary syndrome
Beta-blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction
Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for ischaemic heart disease
Pre-hospital versus in-hospital thrombolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute coronary syndrome
Adenosine and verapamil for no-reflow during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in people with acute myocardial infarction
Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome
Intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation (IABP) for myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock
Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockers during percutaneous coronary intervention and as the initial medical treatment of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction
Routine invasive strategies versus selective invasive strategies for unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in the stent era
Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction
Stem cell treatment for acute myocardial infarction
Xiongshao for restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart disease
HEART AND CIRCULATION-OTHER (19)
Antithrombin III for critically ill patients
Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children
Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people
D-dimer test for excluding the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism
Endovascular treatment for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill adults
Isotonic versus hypotonic solutions for maintenance intravenous fluid administration in children
Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults
Corticosteroids for viral myocarditis
Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of loop diuretics for primary hypertension
Mechanical assist devices for acute cardiogenic shock
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of pulmonary embolism
Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism
Surgery for small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms
Colchicine for pericarditis
Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg
Fibrinogen concentrate in bleeding patients
Vasopressors for hypotensive shock
VASCULAR DISEASES PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL ACCESS - SHOCK (9)
Central venous access sites for the prevention of venous thrombosis, stenosis and infection
Controlled hypotension versus normotensive resuscitation strategy for people with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of central venous catheter-related thrombosis in children
Medical treatment for small abdominal aortic aneurysms
Fibrinolytic agents for peripheral arterial occlusion
Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults
Intravenous naftidrofuryl for critical limb ischaemia
Surgery versus thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb ischaemia
Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg
GYNECOLOGY - PREGNANCY AND CHILD BIRTH (49)
Anaesthesia/analgesia for manual removal of retained placenta
Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth
Anti-D administration after spontaneous miscarriage for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation
Antibiotics for mastitis in breastfeeding women
Antibiotics for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term
Antibiotics for treating bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy
Antifibrinolytic drugs for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage
Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding
Antiplatelet agents for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications
Antispasmodics for labour
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding
Calcium channel blockers for inhibiting preterm labour and birth
Carbetocin for preventing postpartum haemorrhage
Cervical assessment by ultrasound for preventing preterm delivery
Combination of tocolytic agents for inhibiting preterm labour
Duration of treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy
Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants
Inhaled analgesia for pain management in labour
Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy
Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum
Intravenous fluids for reducing the duration of labour in low risk nulliparous women
Planned early delivery versus expectant management for hypertensive disorders from 34 weeks gestation to term
Management for intussusception in children
Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage
Non-surgical interventions for treating heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) in women with bleeding disorders
Acute tocolysis for uterine tachysystole or suspected fetal distress
Interventions for emergency contraception
Standardised formal resuscitation training programmes for reducing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants
Non-opioid drugs for pain management in labour
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain in women with endometriosis
Oxytocin for preventing postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in non-facility birth settings
Intravenous versus intramuscular prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour
Oxytocin receptor antagonists for inhibiting preterm labour
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for prevention or treatment of pain in newborns
Repeated use of pre- and postcoital hormonal contraception for prevention of pregnancy
Imaging for the exclusion of pulmonary embolism in pregnancy
Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth
Specialist teams for neonatal transport to neonatal intensive care units for prevention of morbidity and mortality
Terbutaline pump maintenance therapy after threatened preterm labour for reducing adverse neonatal outcomes
Routine blood cultures in the management of pyelonephritis in pregnancy for improving outcomes
Combined oral contraceptives: the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke
Non-invasive respiratory support for the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn
Tocolytics for preterm premature rupture of membranes
Tranexamic acid for preventing postpartum haemorrhage
Treatment for primary postpartum haemorrhage
Interventions for preventing and treating low-back and pelvic pain during pregnancy
Uterine massage for preventing postpartum haemorrhage
Uterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis
INFECTIOUS DISEASES (72)
ANTIBIOTICS (4)
Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis
Continuous versus intermittent infusions of antibiotics for the treatment of severe acute infections
Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria
Pre-admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease
COVID-19 (7)
Digital contact tracing technologies in epidemics: a rapid review
Signs and symptoms to determine if a patient presenting in primary care or hospital outpatient settings has COVID-19 disease
Barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers’ adherence with infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases: a rapid qualitative evidence synthesis
Rapid, point-of-care antigen and molecular-based tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a living systematic review
Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff
Antibody tests for identification of current and past infection with SARS-CoV-2
HIV/AIDS (2)
Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for preventing HIV in high-risk individuals
Telephone communication of HIV testing results for improving knowledge of HIV infection status
INFECTIOUS DISEASES-OTHER (35)
De-escalation of antimicrobial treatment for adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock
Antibiotic therapy for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in non surgical wounds
Interventions for covert bacteriuria in children
Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis
Antibiotics for leptospirosis
Antibiotics for treating human brucellosis
Pre-admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease
Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures in viral encephalitis
Antihistamines for the common cold
Automated monitoring compared to standard care for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients
Chlorhexidine bathing of the critically ill for the prevention of hospital-acquired infection
Corticosteroids for parasitic eosinophilic meningitis
Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults
Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock
Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold
Garlic for the common cold
Heated, humidified air for the common cold
Nucleic acid and antigen detection tests for leptospirosis
Human recombinant protein C for severe sepsis and septic shock in adult and paediatric patients
Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock
N-acetylcysteine for sepsis and systemic inflammatory response in adults
Plasma interleukin-6 concentration for the diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill adults
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the common cold
Oral antihistamine-decongestant-analgesic combinations for the common cold
Effectiveness and safety of procalcitonin evaluation for reducing mortality in adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock
Rapid diagnostic tests for plague
Smectite for acute infectious diarrhoea in children
Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis
Corticosteroids for the common cold
Fluoroquinolones for treating tuberculosis (presumed drug-sensitive)
Rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid and paratyphoid (enteric) fever
Short-term late-generation antibiotics versus longer term penicillin for acute streptococcal pharyngitis in children
Adjuvant corticosteroids for reducing death in neonatal bacterial meningitis
Vitamin C for preventing and treating tetanus
Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold
INFLUENZA (6)
Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly
Chinese medicinal herbs for influenza
Homeopathic Oscillococcinum for preventing and treating influenza and influenza-like illness
Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children (published trials only)
Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in adults and children
Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (3)
Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
Azithromycin versus penicillin G benzathine for early syphilis
Topical microbicides for prevention of sexually transmitted infections
TROPICAL DISEASES (15)
Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants
Antimicrobial drugs for treating cholera
Antipyretic measures for treating fever in malaria
Artemether for severe malaria
Artemisinin-based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated malaria
Artemisinin-naphthoquine for treating uncomplicated malaria
Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria
Mefloquine for preventing malaria during travel to endemic areas
Corticosteroids for dengue infection
Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women
Pyronaridine-artesunate for treating uncomplicated malaria
Rapid tests for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients with suspected disease
Rapid diagnostic tests versus clinical diagnosis for managing people with fever in malaria endemic settings
Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in endemic countries
Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated non-falciparum or malaria in endemic countries
LUNGS AND AIRWAYS (106)
ASTHMA (31)
Addition of intravenous beta2-agonists to inhaled beta2-agonists for acute asthma
Anti-leukotriene agents compared to inhaled corticosteroids in the management of recurrent and/or chronic asthma in adults and children
Anticholinergic therapy for acute asthma in children
Antibiotics for exacerbations of asthma
Inhaled anticholinergics and short-acting beta-agonists versus short-acting beta2-agonists alone for children with acute asthma in hospital
Beta-agonists for exercise-induced asthma
Exhaled nitric oxide levels to guide treatment for children with asthma
Ciclesonide versus other inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children
Combined inhaled beta-agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma
Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma
Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating adults with acute asthma in the emergency department
Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating children with acute asthma in the emergency department
Leukotriene receptor antagonists in addition to usual care for acute asthma in adults and children
Addition of intravenous aminophylline to inhaled beta2-agonists in adults with acute asthma
Early use of inhaled corticosteroids in the emergency department treatment of acute asthma
Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma
Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice (including inhaled steroid maintenance), for chronic asthma in adults and children
Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children
Inhaled steroids for acute asthma following emergency department discharge
Interventions for escalation of therapy for acute exacerbations of asthma in children: an overview of Cochrane Reviews
Interventions for managing asthma in pregnancy
Intramuscular versus oral corticosteroids to reduce relapses following discharge from the emergency department for acute asthma
Intravenous beta2-agonists versus intravenous aminophylline for acute asthma
Inhaled magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute asthma
Intermittent versus daily inhaled corticosteroids for persistent asthma in children and adults
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute exacerbations of asthma
Patient- and parent-initiated oral steroids for asthma exacerbations
Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events
Ketamine for management of acute exacerbations of asthma in children
Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma
Vitamins C and E for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
COPD (16)
Airway clearance techniques for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Combination inhaled steroid and long-acting beta-agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Combination inhaled steroid and long-acting beta2-agonist versus tiotropium for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Combined corticosteroid and long-acting beta-agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long-acting beta-agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Inhaled corticosteroids for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Long-acting beta-agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Mucolytic agents versus placebo for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Non-invasive ventilation for the management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Oxygen therapy in the pre-hospital setting for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Tiotropium versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Tiotropium versus ipratropium bromide for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
LUNGS AND AIRWAYS-OTHER (59)
Lung protective ventilation strategy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome
Acetylcysteine and carbocysteine for acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients without chronic broncho-pulmonary disease
Airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis
Antibiotics for acute bronchitis
Antibiotic treatment for in people with cystic fibrosis
Antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children under two years of age
Antibiotics for preventing suppurative complications from undifferentiated acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age
Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in adult outpatients
Antibiotics for persistent cough or wheeze following acute bronchiolitis in children
Antibiotics for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections secondary to in children
Anticoagulant treatment for subsegmental pulmonary embolism
Antifibrinolytic therapy to reduce haemoptysis from any cause
Azithromycin for acute lower respiratory tract infections
Beta2-agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis
Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis
Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old
Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults
Chest radiographs for acute lower respiratory tract infections
Chinese herbs combined with Western medicine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Clinical symptoms and signs for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children and adolescents with community-acquired pneumonia
Antibiotic therapy versus no antibiotic therapy for children aged two to 59 months with WHO-defined non-severe pneumonia and wheeze
Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure or continuous positive airway pressure compared to conventional ventilation for acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure in children
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for acute bronchiolitis in children
Delayed antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory infections
Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children
Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Elective versus symptomatic intravenous antibiotic therapy for cystic fibrosis
Embolisation for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children
Heliox inhalation therapy for bronchiolitis in infants
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome
Honey for acute cough in children
Chest ultrasonography versus supine chest radiography for diagnosis of pneumothorax in trauma patients in the emergency department
Inhaled corticosteroids for subacute cough in children
Interventions for the management of malignant pleural effusions: a network meta-analysis
Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants
Corticosteroids for pneumonia
Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia
Leukotriene inhibitors for bronchiolitis in infants and young children
Permissive hypoxaemia versus normoxaemia for mechanically ventilated critically ill patients
Conservative versus interventional management for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults
Oxygen therapy for lower respiratory tract infections in children between 3 months and 15 years of age
Partial liquid ventilation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in paediatric acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children
Positive airway pressure therapy for the treatment of central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure
Probiotics for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults
Rapid viral diagnosis for acute febrile respiratory illness in children in the Emergency Department
Recruitment manoeuvres for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome receiving mechanical ventilation
Short-course versus prolonged-course antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia in critically ill adults
Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults
Higher versus lower fraction of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to the intensive care unit
Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections
Oxygen therapy for pneumonia in adults
Symptomatic treatment of the cough in whooping cough
Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children and adults
Biomarkers as point-of-care tests to guide prescription of antibiotics in patients with acute respiratory infections in primary care
Vitamin C for preventing and treating pneumonia
MENTAL HEALTH (26)
DEPRESSION - ANXIETY (2)
Drug therapy for symptoms associated with anxiety in adult palliative care patients
Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders
MENTAL HEALTH-OTHER (21)
Antidepressants for agitation and psychosis in dementia
Antipsychotic drug treatment for elderly people with late-onset schizophrenia
Aripiprazole alone or in combination for acute mania
Benzodiazepines for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation
Benzodiazepines versus placebo for panic disorder in adults
Benzodiazepines for schizophrenia
Psychological interventions for symptomatic management of non-specific chest pain in patients with normal coronary anatomy
Crisis intervention for people with severe mental illnesses
Crisis interventions for people with borderline personality disorder
Haloperidol for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)
Haloperidol dose for the acute phase of schizophrenia
Aripiprazole (intramuscular) for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)
Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults
Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of delirium in critically ill adults
Melatonin for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit
Opioids for agitation in dementia
Risperidone for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)
Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive care unit
Treatment of epilepsy for people with Alzheimer's disease
Treatments for delusional disorder
Valproate preparations for agitation in dementia
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (3)
Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder
Present-centered therapy (PCT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults
Psychological therapies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents
NEUROLOGY (89)
EPILEPSY (13)
Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus
Comparison of antiepileptic drugs, no treatment, or placebo for children with benign epilepsy with centro temporal spikes
Calcium antagonists as an add-on therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy
Clonazepam add-on therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy
Drug management for acute tonic-clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children
Immediate antiepileptic drug treatment, versus placebo, deferred, or no treatment for first unprovoked seizure
Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy
Lamotrigine add-on therapy for drug-resistant focal epilepsy
Lamotrigine add-on therapy for drug-resistant generalised tonic-clonic seizures
Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review
Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children
Propofol versus thiopental sodium for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus
Treatments for the prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)
MIGRAINE (12)
Aspirin with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults
Diclofenac with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults
Drugs for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents
Ibuprofen with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults
Naproxen with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults
Normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment and prevention of migraine and cluster headache
Aspirin for acute treatment of episodic tension-type headache in adults
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults
Sumatriptan (oral route of administration) for acute migraine attacks in adults
Sumatriptan (subcutaneous route of administration) for acute migraine attacks in adults
Sumatriptan plus naproxen for the treatment of acute migraine attacks in adults
Zolmitriptan for acute migraine attacks in adults
NEUROLOGY-OTHER (28)
Antibiotics for preventing meningococcal infections
Aspirin, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
Betahistine for symptoms of vertigo
Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis
Dopamine agents for hepatic encephalopathy
Pharmacological treatment for pain in Guillain-Barré syndrome
Pharmacological treatment other than corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for Guillain-Barré syndrome
Drug therapy for preventing post-dural puncture headache
Drug therapy for treating post-dural puncture headache
Endothelin receptor antagonists for subarachnoid hemorrhage
Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis
Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for Bell's palsy
Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients
Intravenous immunoglobulin for myasthenia gravis
Diagnostic test accuracy of jolt accentuation for headache in acute meningitis in the emergency setting
Medical and surgical treatment for ocular myasthenia
Ibuprofen for acute treatment of episodic tension-type headache in adults
Ketoprofen for episodic tension-type headache in adults
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for acute treatment of episodic tension-type headache in adults
Osmotic therapies added to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with or without codeine or dihydrocodeine for neuropathic pain in adults
Plasma exchange for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the prevention of tension-type headache in adults
Computed tomography (CT) angiography for confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of brain death
Haemostatic therapies for acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage
Triptans for acute cluster headache
STROKE AND TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (36)
Prehospital stroke scales as screening tools for early identification of stroke and transient ischemic attack
Acupuncture for acute stroke
Antibiotic therapy for preventing infections in people with acute stroke
Anticoagulants for acute ischaemic stroke
Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after subarachnoid haemorrhage
Beta-blockers for preventing stroke recurrence
Buflomedil for acute ischaemic stroke
Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke
Cerebrolysin for acute ischaemic stroke
Thrombolysis (different doses, routes of administration and agents) for acute ischaemic stroke
Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke
Computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography for detection of intracranial vascular malformations in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage
Continuous versus intermittent physiological monitoring for acute stroke
Insulin for glycaemic control in acute ischaemic stroke
Interventions for deliberately altering blood pressure in acute stroke
Iron chelators for acute stroke
Early versus delayed mobilisation for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Endovascular therapy versus medical treatment for symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis
External counterpulsation for acute ischaemic stroke
Fibrinogen depleting agents for acute ischaemic stroke
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists for acute stroke
Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors for acute ischaemic stroke
Haemodilution for acute ischaemic stroke
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute ischaemic stroke
Mailuoning for acute ischaemic stroke
Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing secondary vascular events after stroke or transient ischemic attack
Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke
Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta-analysis
Piracetam for acute ischaemic stroke
Surgical decompression for cerebral oedema in acute ischaemic stroke
Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke
Transcranial Doppler sonography for detecting stenosis or occlusion of intracranial arteries in people with acute ischaemic stroke
Percutaneous vascular interventions versus intravenous thrombolytic treatment for acute ischaemic stroke
Sonothrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke
Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack
Low-molecular-weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischaemic stroke
OPHTALMOLOGY (7)
Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis
Topical corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for bacterial keratitis
Non-surgical interventions for acute internal hordeolum
Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema
Steroids for traumatic optic neuropathy
Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions
Valacyclovir versus acyclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in immunocompetent patients
PEDIATRICS (7)
Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children
Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Beta-blockers for congestive heart failure in children
High-flow nasal cannula therapy for infants with bronchiolitis
Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airway pressure for preventing morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants
Racecadotril for acute diarrhoea in children
Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn
RHEUMATOLOGY - NON TRAUMATIC OSTEO ARTICULAR PATHOLOGIES - MUSCULOSKELETEL DISORDERS (25)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain
Back schools for acute and subacute non-specific low-back pain
Colchicine for acute gout
Cold-water immersion (cryotherapy) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise
Corticosteroids for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Corticosteroids for Guillain-Barré syndrome
Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis
Magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance arthrography and ultrasonography for assessing rotator cuff tears in people with shoulder pain for whom surgery is being considered
Exercises for mechanical neck disorders
Image-guided versus blind glucocorticoid injection for shoulder pain
Interleukin-1 inhibitors for acute gout
Intra-articular glucocorticoids for acute gout
Intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barré syndrome
Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment
Muscle energy technique for non-specific low-back pain
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute gout
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for sciatica
Pain management for inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthritis) and gastrointestinal or liver comorbidity
Paracetamol for low back pain
Paracetamol versus placebo for knee and hip osteoarthritis
Patient education for neck pain
Red flags to screen for malignancy in patients with low-back pain
Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting with low-back pain
Plasma exchange for Guillain-Barré syndrome
SKIN AND ALLERGY (9)
Adrenaline auto-injectors for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without cardiovascular collapse in the community
Linezolid versus vancomycin for skin and soft tissue infections
Oral H1 antihistamines as monotherapy for eczema
Glucocorticoids for the treatment of anaphylaxis
H1-antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria
Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists for urticaria
Ivermectin and permethrin for treating scabies
Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen for necrotizing fasciitis
TECHNICAL PROCEDURES (40)
INTUBATION AND VENTILATION (15)
Percutaneous techniques versus surgical techniques for tracheostomy
Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation in children (excluding neonates)
Cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes for general anaesthesia in children aged eight years and under
Automated versus non-automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically ill adults and children
Pharmacological agents for preventing morbidity associated with the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation
Effectiveness and risks of cricoid pressure during rapid sequence induction for endotracheal intubation
High versus low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Tracheal intubation with a flexible intubation scope versus other intubation techniques for obese patients requiring general anaesthesia
Laryngeal mask airway versus bag-mask ventilation or endotracheal intubation for neonatal resuscitation
Methods for securing endotracheal tubes in newborn infants
Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non-automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults
Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants
Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation in neonates
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation as a weaning strategy for intubated adults with respiratory failure
Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for adult patients requiring tracheal intubation
TECHNICAL PROCEDURES-OTHER (22)
Anaesthetic and sedative agents used for electrical cardioversion
Antibiotics at the time of removal of central venous catheter to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants
Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache
Catheter impregnation, coating or bonding for reducing central venous catheter-related infections in adults
Comparison of routes for achieving parenteral access with a focus on the management of patients with Ebola virus disease
Devices for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel
Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity
Dressings and securement devices for central venous catheters (CVC)
Frequency of dressing changes for central venous access devices on catheter-related infections
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for treating acute surgical and traumatic wounds
Lateral positioning for critically ill adult patients
Loop diuretics for patients receiving blood transfusions
Needle gauge and tip designs for preventing post-dural puncture headache (PDPH)
Plasma transfusion strategies for critically ill patients
Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents
Transradial versus transfemoral approach for diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in people with coronary artery disease
Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters
Skin antisepsis for reducing central venous catheter-related infections
Topical application of tranexamic acid for the reduction of bleeding
Adrenaline with lidocaine for digital nerve blocks
Capnography versus standard monitoring for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia
Use of platelet transfusions prior to lumbar punctures or epidural anaesthesia for the prevention of complications in people with thrombocytopenia
ULTRASOUND (3)
Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for internal jugular vein catheterization
Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization
Ultrasound-guided arterial cannulation for paediatrics
TOBACCO, DRUGS AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE - ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES (12)
ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES (4)
Electric fans for reducing adverse health impacts in heatwaves
Snake antivenom for snake venom induced consumption coagulopathy
Glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide for paraquat-induced lung fibrosis
Xuebijing for paraquat poisoning
TOBACCO, DRUGS AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE (8)
Effect of alcohol on blood pressure
Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal
Buprenorphine for managing opioid withdrawal
Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention for postoperative complications
Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose
Magnesium for alcohol withdrawal
Motivational interviewing for the prevention of alcohol misuse in young adults
Thiamine for prevention and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in people who abuse alcohol
TRAUMATOLOGY (83)
BLEEDING (6)
Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury
Pathogen-reduced platelets for the prevention of bleeding
Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia
Thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) for trauma‑induced coagulopathy in adult trauma patients with bleeding
Tranexamic acid for reducing mortality in emergency and urgent surgery
Timing and volume of fluid administration for patients with bleeding
BURNS (6)
Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing burn wound infection
Antiseptics for burns
Dressings for superficial and partial thickness burns
Interventions for treating phosphorus burns
Intravenous lidocaine for the treatment of background or procedural burn pain
Topical treatment for facial burns
FRACTURES (30)
Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures
Aspiration of the elbow joint for treating radial head fractures
Computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging versus bone scintigraphy for clinically suspected scaphoid fractures in patients with negative plain radiographs
Conservative interventions for treating diaphyseal fractures of the forearm bones in children
Extramedullary fixation implants and external fixators for extracapsular hip fractures in adults
Interventions for treating isolated diaphyseal fractures of the ulna in adults
Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults
Intramedullary nails for extracapsular hip fractures in adults
Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures
Nerve blocks for initial pain management of femoral fractures in children
Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults
Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture
Pedicle screw fixation for traumatic fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine
Rehabilitation for distal radial fractures in adults
Rehabilitation for ankle fractures in adults
Surgical versus conservative interventions for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures
Surgical interventions for treating distal humeral fractures in adults
Surgical interventions for treating fractures of the olecranon in adults
Surgical interventions for treating radial head fractures in adults
Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults
Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating fractures of the middle third of the clavicle
Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating ankle fractures in adults
Surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treating humeral shaft fractures in adults
Surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation
Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurological deficit
Interventions for treating fractures of the distal femur in adults
Interventions for treating ankle fractures in children
Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults
Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for promoting fracture healing and treating fracture non-union
HEAD TRAUMA (9)
Acupuncture for acute management and rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury
Barbiturates for acute traumatic brain injury
Hypertonic saline versus other intracranial pressure–lowering agents for people with acute traumatic brain injury
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the adjunctive treatment of traumatic brain injury
Elevation of the head during intensive care management in people with severe traumatic brain injury
Hypothermia for traumatic brain injury
Decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of high intracranial pressure in closed traumatic brain injury
Progesterone for acute traumatic brain injury
The Lund concept for severe traumatic brain injury
TRAUMATOLOGY-OTHER (25)
Acupuncture for treating acute ankle sprains in adults
Advanced training in trauma life support for ambulance crews
Advanced trauma life support training for hospital staff
Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice
Triage tools for detecting cervical spine injury in pediatric trauma patients
Manipulative interventions for reducing pulled elbow in young children
Point-of-care ultrasonography for diagnosing thoracoabdominal injuries in patients with blunt trauma
Interventions for treating acute elbow dislocations in adults
Non-operative management versus operative management in high-grade blunt hepatic injury
Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower-limb immobilization
Conservative management following closed reduction of traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder
Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus other oral analgesic agents for acute soft tissue injury
Platelet-rich therapies for musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries
Selective computed tomography (CT) versus routine thoracoabdominal CT for high-energy blunt-trauma patients
Rehabilitation for hamstring injuries
Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma
Conservative interventions for treating hyperextension injuries of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers
Steroids for acute spinal cord injury
Damage control surgery for abdominal trauma
Surgical versus non-surgical management of abdominal injury
Surgical approaches for cervical spine facet dislocations in adults
Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries
Non-operative versus operative treatment for blunt pancreatic trauma in children
Interventions for treating fingertip entrapment injuries in children
Emergency ultrasound-based algorithms for diagnosing blunt abdominal trauma
WOUNDS (7)
Debridement for surgical wounds
Dressings for the prevention of surgical site infection
Honey as a topical treatment for wounds
Primary closure versus delayed closure for non bite traumatic wounds within 24 hours post injury
​Primary closure versus delayed or no closure for traumatic wounds due to mammalian bite
Water for wound cleansing
Tissue adhesives for closure of surgical incisions
UROLOGY AND KIDNEY DISEASES (15)
KIDNEY DISEASES (3)
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) versus other fluid therapies: effects on kidney function
Sodium bicarbonate supplements for treating acute kidney injury
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and non-opioids for acute renal colic
UROLOGY (12)
Alpha-blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones
Antibiotic prophylaxis for short-term catheter bladder drainage in adults
Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria
Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children
Fluids and diuretics for acute ureteric colic
Water for preventing urinary stones
Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in children
Screening with urinary dipsticks for reducing morbidity and mortality
Types of indwelling urethral catheters for short-term catheterisation in hospitalised adults
Urinary alkalisation for symptomatic uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women
Urinary catheter policies for long-term bladder drainage
Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short-term catheterisation in hospitalised adults